bility( $request['name'] );
		if ( ! $ability || ! $ability->get_meta_item( 'show_in_rest' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_ability_not_found',
				__( 'Ability not found.' ),
				array( 'status' => 404 )
			);
		}

		$data = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $ability, $request );
		return rest_ensure_response( $data );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read ability items.
	 *
	 * @since 6.9.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return bool True if the request has read access.
	 */
	public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) {
		return current_user_can( 'read' );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to read an ability item.
	 *
	 * @since 6.9.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return bool True if the request has read access.
	 */
	public function get_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		return current_user_can( 'read' );
	}

	/**
	 * Normalizes schema empty object defaults.
	 *
	 * Converts empty array defaults to objects when the schema type is 'object'
	 * to ensure proper JSON serialization as {} instead of [].
	 *
	 * @since 6.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array<string, mixed> $schema The schema array.
	 * @return array<string, mixed> The normalized schema.
	 */
	private function normalize_schema_empty_object_defaults( array $schema ): array {
		if ( isset( $schema['type'] ) && 'object' === $schema['type'] && isset( $schema['default'] ) ) {
			$default = $schema['default'];
			if ( is_array( $default ) && empty( $default ) ) {
				$schema['default'] = (object) $default;
			}
		}
		return $schema;
	}

	/**
	 * WordPress-internal schema keywords to strip from REST responses.
	 *
	 * @since 7.0.0
	 * @var array<string, true>
	 */
	private const INTERNAL_SCHEMA_KEYWORDS = array(
		'sanitize_callback' => true,
		'validate_callback' => true,
		'arg_options'       => true,
	);

	/**
	 * Recursively removes WordPress-internal keywords from a schema.
	 *
	 * Ability schemas may include WordPress-internal properties like
	 * `sanitize_callback`, `validate_callback`, and `arg_options` that are
	 * used server-side but are not valid JSON Schema keywords. This method
	 * removes those specific keys so they are not exposed in REST responses.
	 *
	 * @since 7.0.0
	 *
	 * @param array<string, mixed> $schema The schema array.
	 * @return array<string, mixed> The schema without WordPress-internal keywords.
	 */
	private function strip_internal_schema_keywords( array $schema ): array {
		$schema = array_diff_key( $schema, self::INTERNAL_SCHEMA_KEYWORDS );

		// Sub-schema maps: keys are user-defined, values are sub-schemas.
		// Note: 'dependencies' values can also be property-dependency arrays
		// (numeric arrays of strings) which are skipped via wp_is_numeric_array().
		foreach ( array( 'properties', 'patternProperties', 'definitions', 'dependencies' ) as $keyword ) {
			if ( isset( $schema[ $keyword ] ) && is_array( $schema[ $keyword ] ) ) {
				foreach ( $schema[ $keyword ] as $key => $child_schema ) {
					if ( is_array( $child_schema ) && ! wp_is_numeric_array( $child_schema ) ) {
						$schema[ $keyword ][ $key ] = $this->strip_internal_schema_keywords( $child_schema );
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Single sub-schema keywords.
		foreach ( array( 'not', 'additionalProperties', 'additionalItems' ) as $keyword ) {
			if ( isset( $schema[ $keyword ] ) && is_array( $schema[ $keyword ] ) ) {
				$schema[ $keyword ] = $this->strip_internal_schema_keywords( $schema[ $keyword ] );
			}
		}

		// Items: single schema or tuple array of schemas.
		if ( isset( $schema['items'] ) ) {
			if ( wp_is_numeric_array( $schema['items'] ) ) {
				foreach ( $schema['items'] as $index => $item_schema ) {
					if ( is_array( $item_schema ) ) {
						$schema['items'][ $index ] = $this->strip_internal_schema_keywords( $item_schema );
					}
				}
			} elseif ( is_array( $schema['items'] ) ) {
				$schema['items'] = $this->strip_internal_schema_keywords( $schema['items'] );
			}
		}

		// Array-of-schemas keywords.
		foreach ( array( 'anyOf', 'oneOf', 'allOf' ) as $keyword ) {
			if ( isset( $schema[ $keyword ] ) && is_array( $schema[ $keyword ] ) ) {
				foreach ( $schema[ $keyword ] as $index => $sub_schema ) {
					if ( is_array( $sub_schema ) ) {
						$schema[ $keyword ][ $index ] = $this->strip_internal_schema_keywords( $sub_schema );
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return $schema;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares an ability for response.
	 *
	 * @since 6.9.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Ability      $ability The ability object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response Response object.
	 */
	public function prepare_item_for_response( $ability, $request ) {
		$data = array(
			'name'          => $ability->get_name(),
			'label'         => $ability->get_label(),
			'description'   => $ability->get_description(),
			'category'      => $ability->get_category(),
			'input_schema'  => $this->strip_internal_schema_keywords(
				$this->normalize_schema_empty_object_defaults( $ability->get_input_schema() )
			),
			'output_schema' => $this->strip_internal_schema_keywords(
				$this->normalize_schema_empty_object_defaults( $ability->get_output_schema() )
			),
			'meta'          => $ability->get_meta(),
		);

		$context = $request['context'] ?? 'view';
		$data    = $this->add_additional_fields_to_object( $data, $request );
		$data    = $this->filter_response_by_context( $data, $context );

		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		$fields = $this->get_fields_for_response( $request );
		if ( rest_is_field_included( '_links', $fields ) || rest_is_field_included( '_embedded', $fields ) ) {
			$links = array(
				'self'       => array(
					'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $ability->get_name() ) ),
				),
				'collection' => array(
					'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base ) ),
				),
			);

			$links['wp:action-run'] = array(
				'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%s/run', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $ability->get_name() ) ),
			);

			$response->add_links( $links );
		}

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the ability's schema, conforming to JSON Schema.
	 *
	 * @since 6.9.0
	 *
	 * @return array<string, mixed> Item schema data.
	 */
	public function get_item_schema(): array {
		$schema = array(
			'$schema'    => 'http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#',
			'title'      => 'ability',
			'type'       => 'object',
			'properties' => array(
				'name'          => array(
					'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the ability.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'label'         => array(
					'description' => __( 'Display label for the ability.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'description'   => array(
					'description' => __( 'Description of the ability.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'category'      => array(
					'description' => __( 'Ability category this ability belongs to.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'input_schema'  => array(
					'description' => __( 'JSON Schema for the ability input.' ),
					'type'        => 'object',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'output_schema' => array(
					'description' => __( 'JSON Schema for the ability output.' ),
					'type'        => 'object',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
				'meta'          => array(
					'description' => __( 'Meta information about the ability.' ),
					'type'        => 'object',
					'properties'  => array(
						'annotations' => array(
							'description' => __( 'Annotations for the ability.' ),
							'type'        => array( 'boolean', 'null' ),
							'default'     => null,
						),
					),
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
			),
		);

		return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $schema );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the query params for collections.
	 *
	 * @since 6.9.0
	 *
	 * @return array<string, mixed> Collection parameters.
	 */
	public function get_collection_params(): array {
		return array(
			'context'  => $this->get_context_param( array( 'default' => 'view' ) ),
			'page'     => array(
				'description' => __( 'Current page of the collection.' ),
				'type'        => 'integer',
				'default'     => 1,
				'minimum'     => 1,
			),
			'per_page' => array(
				'description' => __( 'Maximum number of items to be returned in result set.' ),
				'type'        => 'integer',
				'default'     => 50,
				'minimum'     => 1,
				'maximum'     => 100,
			),
			'category' => array(
				'description'       => __( 'Limit results to abilities in specific ability category.' ),
				'type'              => 'string',
				'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key',
				'validate_callback' => 'rest_validate_request_arg',
			),
		);
	}
}